It tests only intelligence of “brain without body”, whose inputs are from the keyboard whose outputs are sentences on screen.It gives an objective notion of intelligence.“External performance” is a objective, measurable and consistent benchmark.
It’s difficult to measure internal intelligence mechanism – because we do not quite understand it yet, and different persons may have different mechanisms. One needs a benchmark for machine intelligence. To check whether a machine is as intelligent as humans. If the interrogator cannot tell whether he/she is talking to is a person or a computer, then the computer is viewed to be as intelligent as the person. 
A person and a computer, being separated in two rooms, answer the tester’s questions on-line.
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